MANUSCRIPT TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF PAIN BY COMPARISON OF NALBUPHINE AND TRAMADOL WITH COMBINATION OF KETAMINE FOR OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN DOGS.

Abstract

This study was conducted on eight (08) dogs weighing 9-22 kg, aged 2-3 years to evaluate the pain and efficacy of Nalbuphine and Tramadol with combination of Ketamine for ovariohysterectomy. It was hypothesized that Nalbuphine with combination of Ketamine would produce good analgesic effect as compared to Tramadol in dog model after ovariohysterectomy. Two groups of dogs were randomly selected. In group A, Nalbuphine 4 mg/kg bwt+Ketamine 10 mg/kg bwt were used and in group B, Tramadol 4 mg/kg bwt) + Ketamine 10 mg/kg bwt was given preoperatively. Ovariohysterectomy was performed as per standard technique through ventral midline approach by using all the aseptic precautions. Moreover, the numerical rating scale (NRS) was used for studying behavioural parameters for pain assessment. Results revealed in all two groups. The onset of anesthesia was faster in group B than in group A. There was no significant difference in the duration of anesthesia, rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate between the two groups. However, the dogs in group B had significantly higher posture scores at 72 hours after surgery than the dogs in group A. The dogs in group B also had significantly higher appetite and thrust, personality and facial expression scores, and mental status scores at 24 and 72 hours after surgery, respectively. It is concluded that Nalbuphine with combination of Ketamine HCL showed better analgesic for ovariohystrectomy in dog. Further it is suggested that this experiment may be tested in cats.